Ans for first point:

A typical construction project progresses through sequential phases namely pre-construction phase, construction phase, closeout and defect liability period. Planning is the process of making available of optimum resources viz. Men, Material, Machine, Money & Method ( 5 Ms) for the project. However, the first step in planning would be ‘ Selection of a particular project’ which would be in line with the objectives and vision of project proponent(Project Owner)

Ans for second point:

Projects use multiple conventional and modern techniques to control schedule(Time) and Cost(Budget) subject to project parameters. However, following methods are generally used to control a construction project.

• Critical Path Method(CPM)
• Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
• Earned Value Analysis